KnowYourWood.org
Every Species · Every Continent · No Gatekeeping
Browse all species

White Ash

Fraxinus americana
Also known as: American Ash, Biltmore Ash
DomesticBeginner-FriendlyMid-Range
Janka Hardness
1,320 lbf
5.9 kN
Density
670 kg/m³
2.81 lbs/bf
Grain
Straight, coarse, ring-porous; pronounced growth ring pattern
Texture: Coarse
Figure
Minimal figure; consistent cathedral grain on flatsawn faces
Drying
Moderate
Movement: Moderate
Origin
Eastern North America
Oleaceae
Plain-Language Guide

White ash is one of the toughest domestic hardwoods — the shock resistance that made it the standard for baseball bats and axe handles is real and measurable. It works easily, steam-bends beautifully, and has an open grain that takes stain well. The elephant in the room: Emerald Ash Borer has wiped out billions of trees, and availability is tightening. Buy it now or source it from urban salvage programs.

Common Mistakes
  • Overlooking the Emerald Ash Borer situation — prices will rise and availability will fall; if you have a source of quality ash, stock it
  • Filling the open grain before finishing if you want a smooth surface — ash's coarse pores are prominent; grain filler is essential for a glass-smooth topcoat
  • Confusing white ash and green ash at the lumber yard — they're often sold interchangeably and are nearly identical in working properties; don't pay a premium for one over the other
Color & Appearance
Heartwood
Sapwood

Beige to light brown heartwood, sometimes with an olive tint. Similar appearance to oak but with a less pronounced ray pattern. Sapwood is wide and pale, often used alongside heartwood without much visual disruption.

Workability
Hand Tools
Good
Machine Tools
Good
Gluing
Easy
Finishing
Easy
Turning
Not typically used
Carving
Not typically used

Excellent shock resistance makes ash the go-to for tool handles, sporting equipment, and anything that takes impact. Works well with hand and machine tools. Steam-bends extremely well. Important conservation note: Emerald Ash Borer (an invasive beetle) has decimated wild ash populations across North America; increasingly sourced from managed/reclaimed stock.

Global Availability
RegionAvailability
North AmericaRegional / select dealers
EuropeRegional / select dealers
Australia / NZSpecialty importers only
Southeast AsiaSpecialty importers only
South AmericaSpecialty importers only
Africa / Middle EastSpecialty importers only
Health & Safety
Allergen Risk
Low
CITES Status
None
Notes
Generally considered non-toxic. Occasional skin and respiratory irritation from dust. Cross-reactivity with ash tree pollen allergy is possible.
Common Uses
Tool handles Baseball bats Furniture Flooring Cabinetry Millwork Steam-bent parts
Sustainability: Wild populations severely impacted by Emerald Ash Borer. Seek reclaimed, urban salvage, or responsibly sourced stock. Supply is tightening.