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Osage Orange

Maclura pomifera
Also known as: Hedge Apple, Bois d'Arc, Bodark, Horse Apple
DomesticAffordable
Janka Hardness
2,040 lbf
9.1 kN
Density
830 kg/m³
3.45 lbs/bf
Grain
Interlocked, irregular
Texture: Medium to coarse
Figure
Occasionally quilted or interlocked figure
Drying
Slow; checking common
Movement: Small
Origin
South-central United States
Moraceae
Plain-Language Guide

Osage Orange is absurdly hard for a domestic tree — harder than most tropical exotics. That fresh-cut golden-orange color is stunning, but plan for significant darkening over years. Historically prized for long-bow staves, fence posts, and mallet heads because of its density and toughness. Rarely sold commercially; if you know someone with a hedgerow, it's worth processing. Difficult to dry without checking, and natural oils make gluing unreliable. Best for turning, tool handles, mallets, and outdoor structural applications — not furniture.

Common Mistakes
  • Expecting the yellow-orange to last — it darkens substantially over time
  • Trying to glue it without testing adhesives first — natural oils reduce bond strength
  • Using HSS tools — it will destroy them; carbide only
Color & Appearance
Heartwood
Sapwood

Freshly cut, the heartwood is vivid golden-yellow to bright orange — one of the most striking domestic colors. Oxidizes and darkens significantly to rich golden-brown, then dark reddish-brown over years. Sapwood is pale yellow.

Workability
Hand Tools
Fair
Machine Tools
Fair
Gluing
Difficult
Finishing
Moderate
Turning
Suitable
Carving
Not typically used

Extremely hard and dense with interlocked grain — very difficult to work. Natural oils reduce glue bond strength; test adhesives before committing. Carbide essential. One of the most rot-resistant domestic woods, historically used for fence posts lasting a century. Turning blanks with fresh-cut color are spectacular.

Global Availability
RegionAvailability
North AmericaRegional / select dealers
EuropeRare / not commonly imported
South AmericaRare / not commonly imported
Australia/NZRare / not commonly imported
AsiaRare / not commonly imported
AfricaRare / not commonly imported
Health & Safety
Allergen Risk
Low
CITES Status
None
Notes
Generally considered safe. Minor skin irritation reported. None significant for woodworking
Common Uses
Fence posts Tool handles Archery bows Turning Mallet heads Decorative objects Knife handles
Sustainability: Abundant. Considered a weed tree in many regions. No sustainability concerns.