KnowYourWood.org
Every Species · Every Continent · No Gatekeeping
Browse all species

Merbau

Intsia bijuga
Also known as: Kwila, Ipil, Pacific Teak, Vesi
Exotic / ImportedMid-RangeFSC Available
Janka Hardness
1,925 lbf
8.6 kN
Density
835 kg/m³
1.45 lbs/bf
Grain
Interlocked
Texture: Coarse
Figure
Interlocked grain; occasionally wavy; yellow mineral deposits visible as flecks
Drying
Moderate
Movement: Small
Origin
Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands — Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pacific
Fabaceae
Plain-Language Guide

Merbau is a tough, dense tropical hardwood widely used in Australia and Asia for outdoor applications. It has excellent natural durability and handles weather exposure very well. The high oil content is both the reason for its durability and the source of its main challenges: gluing requires careful surface prep, and the reddish-brown oils will bleed badly into water-based finishes and onto light-colored surfaces. Significant sustainability concerns around illegal logging in its native range.

Common Mistakes
  • Gluing oily surfaces without wiping with acetone or naphtha first — the oils prevent adhesion
  • Applying water-based finishes without sealing first — the reddish oils bleed and discolor the finish
  • Ignoring sourcing questions; illegal logging in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia is a documented issue — verify FSC certification
Color & Appearance
Heartwood
Sapwood

Dark reddish-brown heartwood with distinctive yellow mineral flecks throughout. The reddish oils are soluble and will transfer to water, light finishes, and fabric. Sapwood is pale yellow-brown and sharply distinct.

Workability
Hand Tools
Fair
Machine Tools
Moderate
Gluing
Hard
Finishing
Moderate
Turning
Not typically used
Carving
Not typically used

Hard, dense, and heavy. Carbide tooling strongly recommended. Interlocked grain causes some tearout risk. Gluing requires thorough degreasing. Oil finishes work best and complement the natural oils.

Global Availability
RegionAvailability
United StatesSpecialty importers only
CanadaSpecialty importers only
EuropeSpecialty importers only
AustraliaRegional / select dealers
Health & Safety
Allergen Risk
Moderate
CITES Status
None
Notes
Dust can cause skin and respiratory irritation. A potential sensitizer with repeated exposure.
Common Uses
Outdoor furniture Boatbuilding Furniture Millwork
Sustainability: Significant sustainability concerns — illegal logging has been documented in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. FSC-certified merbau exists but requires careful verification. An area of genuine environmental concern.