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Longleaf Pine

Pinus palustris
Also known as: Heart Pine, Southern Longleaf Pine, Pitch Pine, Fatwood (resinous heartwood)
DomesticMid-Range
Janka Hardness
1,225 lbf
5.4 kN
Density
750 kg/m³
1.31 lbs/bf
Grain
Straight, very tight growth rings in old-growth material
Texture: Medium
Figure
Tight ring pattern; old-growth shows dramatically dense annual rings
Drying
Moderate
Movement: Medium
Origin
Southeastern US coastal plain; historically abundant, now rare in old-growth form
Pinaceae
Plain-Language Guide

Old-growth longleaf pine — sold as 'heart pine' — built much of the American South and is one of the most historically significant American woods. The extreme resin content of old-growth heartwood makes it nearly indestructible; beams from 19th-century buildings are harder than most modern hardwoods. Reclaimed heart pine is a completely different material from plantation-grown longleaf: darker, harder, more stable, and dramatically more resinous. If you have the chance to work reclaimed material, do it.

Common Mistakes
  • Assuming plantation longleaf has the same hardness and durability as old-growth — it's significantly softer and less resinous
  • Gluing resinous surfaces without first wiping with acetone or naphtha — the oils prevent adhesion
  • Underestimating how hard old-growth material is; it will dull blades quickly and require carbide
Color & Appearance
Heartwood
Sapwood

Old-growth heartwood is deep amber to orange-brown, darkening richly with age. New-growth is much paler and lighter. Sapwood is pale cream-yellow and broad in young plantation trees.

Workability
Hand Tools
Fair
Machine Tools
Moderate
Gluing
Moderate
Finishing
Moderate
Turning
Not typically used
Carving
Not typically used

Old-growth is surprisingly hard for a softwood — harder than many domestic hardwoods — and the high resin content dulls tools quickly. New-growth works like a typical dense pine. Gluing resinous surfaces requires solvent prep. Oil and varnish finishes work well; water-based finishes may bead on resinous areas.

Global Availability
RegionAvailability
United StatesRegional / select dealers
CanadaSpecialty importers only
EuropeSpecialty importers only
AustraliaRare / not commonly imported
Health & Safety
Allergen Risk
Low
CITES Status
None
Notes
Resin can cause skin irritation with prolonged contact. Dust may irritate eyes and respiratory tract.
Common Uses
Furniture Millwork Workbenches Tool handles Turning Boatbuilding
Sustainability: Wild longleaf forests were nearly entirely logged by the early 1900s — one of the most dramatic timber depletions in US history. New-growth plantation is available but sparse. Reclaimed longleaf is the most sustainable option and also the highest quality. Longleaf restoration projects are underway across the Southeast.