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Longleaf Pine

Pinus palustris
Also known as: Heart Pine, Southern Longleaf Pine, Pitch Pine, Fatwood (resinous heartwood)
DomesticMid-Range
Janka Hardness ⓘ
1,225 lbf
5.4 kN
Density
750 kg/m³
1.31 lbs/bf
Grain
Straight, very tight growth rings in old-growth material
Texture: Medium
Figure
Tight ring pattern; old-growth shows dramatically dense annual rings
Drying
Moderate
Movement: Medium
Origin
Southeastern US coastal plain; historically abundant, now rare in old-growth form
Pinaceae
Plain-Language Guide

Old-growth longleaf pine — sold as 'heart pine' — built much of the American South and is one of the most historically significant American woods. The extreme resin content of old-growth heartwood makes it nearly indestructible; beams from 19th-century buildings are harder than most modern hardwoods. Reclaimed heart pine is a completely different material from plantation-grown longleaf: darker, harder, more stable, and dramatically more resinous. If you have the chance to work reclaimed material, do it.

Common Mistakes
  • Assuming plantation longleaf has the same hardness and durability as old-growth — it's significantly softer and less resinous
  • Gluing resinous surfaces without first wiping with acetone or naphtha — the oils prevent adhesion
  • Underestimating how hard old-growth material is; it will dull blades quickly and require carbide
Color & Appearance
Heartwood
Sapwood

Old-growth heartwood is deep amber to orange-brown, darkening richly with age. New-growth is much paler and lighter. Sapwood is pale cream-yellow and broad in young plantation trees.

Workability
Hand Tools
Fair
Machine Tools
Moderate
Gluing
Moderate
Finishing
Moderate
Turning
Not typically used
Carving
Not typically used

Old-growth is surprisingly hard for a softwood — harder than many domestic hardwoods — and the high resin content dulls tools quickly. New-growth works like a typical dense pine. Gluing resinous surfaces requires solvent prep. Oil and varnish finishes work well; water-based finishes may bead on resinous areas.

Global Availability
RegionAvailability
United StatesRegional / select dealers
CanadaSpecialty importers only
EuropeSpecialty importers only
AustraliaRare / not commonly imported
Health & Safety
Allergen Risk ⓘ
Low
CITES Status ⓘ
None
Notes
Resin can cause skin irritation with prolonged contact. Dust may irritate eyes and respiratory tract.
Common Uses
Furniture Millwork Workbenches Tool handles Turning Boatbuilding
Sustainability: Wild longleaf forests were nearly entirely logged by the early 1900s — one of the most dramatic timber depletions in US history. New-growth plantation is available but sparse. Reclaimed longleaf is the most sustainable option and also the highest quality. Longleaf restoration projects are underway across the Southeast.