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Ipe

Handroanthus spp.
Also known as: Brazilian Walnut, Lapacho, Ironwood
Exotic / ImportedPremiumFSC Available
Janka Hardness
3,510 lbf
15.6 kN
Density
1010 kg/m³
4.2 lbs/bf
Grain
Interlocked, sometimes wavy
Texture: Fine to medium, uniform
Figure
Ribbon stripe from interlocked grain; occasionally mottled
Drying
Slow
Movement: Small
Origin
Central and South America
Bignoniaceae
Plain-Language Guide

Ipe is the benchmark for exterior decking — naturally resistant to rot, insects, and fire, it outlasts pressure-treated lumber by decades. The trade-off is brutal workability: you'll burn through carbide bits, you must pre-drill every fastener hole, and the natural oils prevent adhesives and finishes from curing without a solvent wipe first. For decks left to weather naturally, it turns a dignified silver-grey but stays structurally sound for 25+ years. Treat it like concrete with wood grain.

Common Mistakes
  • Not pre-drilling every fastener hole — the wood will split without exception
  • Skipping the acetone wipe before finishing — oils block adhesion
  • Using standard HSS drill bits — switch to carbide or step-down bits
  • Expecting smooth indoor workability — this is an exterior structural material
Color & Appearance
Heartwood
Sapwood

Heartwood ranges from dark olive-brown to near-black, sometimes with a reddish or yellowish cast. Sapwood is pale tan. Color deepens and greens out with age; weathers to silver-grey without finish.

Workability
Hand Tools
Poor
Machine Tools
Fair
Gluing
Difficult
Finishing
Moderate
Turning
Not typically used
Carving
Not typically used

Extremely hard and dense — blunts carbide quickly, destroys HSS. Pre-drilling is mandatory. Natural oils interfere with adhesives and film finishes: wipe with acetone before gluing or applying any finish. Ideal for outdoor/structural applications where longevity outweighs workability.

Global Availability
RegionAvailability
North AmericaSpecialty importers only
EuropeSpecialty importers only
South AmericaWidely available
Australia/NZSpecialty importers only
AsiaSpecialty importers only
AfricaSpecialty importers only
Health & Safety
Allergen Risk
Moderate
CITES Status
None
Notes
Sawdust causes skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Use dust collection and respirator.
Common Uses
Decking Heavy construction Flooring Exterior furniture Tool handles Marine applications Bridge decking
Sustainability: IUCN Near Threatened in some regions due to overharvesting. Look for FSC-certified material.