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Hackberry

Celtis occidentalis
Also known as: Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)
DomesticBeginner-Friendlybudget
Janka Hardness
880 lbf
3.9 kN
Density
595 kg/m³
2.49 lbs/bf
Grain
Usually straight or slightly interlocked; very coarse, uneven texture
Texture: Coarse
Figure
Occasional spalting or fungal staining
Drying
Moderate
Movement: Moderate
Origin
Eastern North America
Cannabaceae
Plain-Language Guide

Hackberry is one of the most underrated domestic hardwoods. It looks like ash, works like ash, and is anatomically closer to elm — but sells at utility lumber prices. Its standout feature is steam bending: it's reputedly among the very best North American hardwoods for bent work. If you're doing Windsor chairs, bentwood furniture, or any curved structural work, Hackberry deserves serious consideration alongside the more famous bending species.

Common Mistakes
  • Not processing quickly after felling — Hackberry develops blue-gray fungal staining fast; get bark off and boards cut within days of felling
  • Overlooking it for steam bending — the bending reputation is real; it's commonly available, affordable, and outperforms more expensive options
  • Confusing it with ash in the lumber yard — the end grain tells them apart: Hackberry has ulmiform (wavy band) latewood pores, ash has radial clusters
Color & Appearance
Heartwood
Sapwood

Light brown to gray heartwood. Wide, pale yellow sapwood is a contrasting color. Susceptible to blue-gray fungal staining if not processed quickly after felling — sometimes sold with the stain as a feature.

Workability
Hand Tools
Good
Machine Tools
Good
Gluing
Easy
Finishing
Easy
Turning
Suitable
Carving
Not typically used

Generally good working characteristics. Steam bending is exceptional — among the very best domestic species for bent work. Glues, turns, stains, and finishes well. Smaller knotty pieces can challenge machining.

Global Availability
RegionAvailability
North AmericaRegional / select dealers
EuropeSpecialty importers only
South AmericaSpecialty importers only
Africa / Middle EastSpecialty importers only
Southeast AsiaSpecialty importers only
Australia / NZSpecialty importers only
Health & Safety
Allergen Risk
Low
CITES Status
None
Notes
Skin irritation reported in some individuals.
Common Uses
Steam bent parts Furniture Veneer Boxes and crates Turning
Sustainability: Not CITES listed. Not on IUCN Red List. Abundant in its range — regularly sold as utility lumber at modest prices.