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Butternut

Juglans cinerea
Also known as: White Walnut, Oil Nut
DomesticBeginner-FriendlyMid-Range
Janka Hardness
490 lbf
2.2 kN
Density
400 kg/m³
1.68 lbs/bf
Grain
Straight, occasionally wavy; medium to coarse texture
Texture: Medium
Figure
Crotch, curl, and burl figure similar to black walnut; color is much lighter
Drying
Easy
Movement: Low
Origin
Eastern North America
Juglandaceae
Plain-Language Guide

Butternut is black walnut's gentler cousin — same family, same carving potential, but lighter, softer, and easier to work in every way. It's what you reach for when you want walnut's aesthetic but need to carve detail, or when you're building something lightweight. The catch: butternut canker has ravaged wild populations and it's increasingly hard to find. If you see quality butternut, buy more than you need.

Common Mistakes
  • Treating it as rough as black walnut — butternut is significantly softer and lighter; it dents and dings more easily during handling and assembly
  • Passing it up because it's not walnut — the figuring is just as beautiful and the carving properties are superior; it's not a consolation prize
  • Skipping oil finish — butternut responds to oil in a way that brings out its warm amber tones; film finishes work but miss what makes the wood special
Color & Appearance
Heartwood
Sapwood

Warm tan to light chestnut-brown heartwood — think of a much paler, golden version of black walnut, to which it is closely related. Takes an oil finish beautifully, developing a warm amber tone over time.

Workability
Hand Tools
Excellent
Machine Tools
Excellent
Gluing
Easy
Finishing
Easy
Turning
Suitable
Carving
Suitable

Exceptionally easy to work — one of the softest and lightest domestic hardwoods. Holds detail extremely well for carving. Planes and chisels cleanly. Finishes beautifully with oil. The primary concern is conservation: butternut canker (a fungal disease) has devastated wild populations across its range.

Global Availability
RegionAvailability
North AmericaRegional / select dealers
EuropeSpecialty importers only
Australia / NZRare / not commonly imported
Southeast AsiaRare / not commonly imported
South AmericaRare / not commonly imported
Africa / Middle EastRare / not commonly imported
Health & Safety
Allergen Risk
Low
CITES Status
None
Notes
Related to black walnut. Juglone content in the wood is lower than walnut but present; those with walnut sensitivity should take precautions. Low-level juglone present; less than black walnut
Common Uses
Carving Furniture Millwork Turning Cabinetry
Sustainability: IUCN Vulnerable. Butternut canker has eliminated a significant portion of the wild population. Source carefully; some states have replanting programs.